• Openssl Key And Csr Generation Download
• Openssl Create Private Key
• Openssl Key And Csr Generation 2017
• Openssl Key And Csr Generation 2

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The Application Gateway v2 SKU introduces the use of Trusted Root Certificates to allow backend servers. This removes authentication certificates that were required in the v1 SKU. The root certificate is a Base-64 encoded X.509(.CER) format root certificate from the backend certificate server. It identifies the root certificate authority (CA) that issued the server certificate and the server certificate is then used for the TLS/SSL communication.

I am using the following command in order to generate a CSR together with a private key by using OpenSSL: openssl req -new -subj '/CN=sample.myhost.com' -out newcsr.csr -nodes -sha512. Navigate to your OpenSSL 'bin' directory and open a command prompt in the same location. Generate a CSR & Private Key: openssl req -out CSR.csr -new -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout privatekey.key. To generate a 4096-bit CSR you can replace the rsa:2048 syntax with rsa:4096 as shown below. Openssl req -out CSR.csr -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout privatekey.key.

Application Gateway trusts your website's certificate by default if it's signed by a well-known CA (for example, GoDaddy or DigiCert). You don't need to explicitly upload the root certificate in that case. For more information, see Overview of TLS termination and end to end TLS with Application Gateway. However, if you have a dev/test environment and don't want to purchase a verified CA signed certificate, you can create your own custom CA and create a self-signed certificate with it.

Note

Self-signed certificates are not trusted by default and they can be difficult to maintain. Also, they may use outdated hash and cipher suites that may not be strong. For better security, purchase a certificate signed by a well-known certificate authority.

In this article, you will learn how to:

• Create your own custom Certificate Authority
• Create a self-signed certificate signed by your custom CA
• Upload a self-signed root certificate to an Application Gateway to authenticate the backend server

Prerequisites

• OpenSSL on a computer running Windows or Linux

  While there could be other tools available for certificate management, this tutorial uses OpenSSL. You can find OpenSSL bundled with many Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu.

• A web server

  For example, Apache, IIS, or NGINX to test the certificates.

• An Application Gateway v2 SKU

  If you don't have an existing application gateway, see Quickstart: Direct web traffic with Azure Application Gateway - Azure portal.

Create a root CA certificate

Create your root CA certificate using OpenSSL.

Create the root key

1. Sign in to your computer where OpenSSL is installed and run the following command. This creates a password protected key.

2. At the prompt, type a strong password. For example, at least nine characters, using upper case, lower case, numbers, and symbols.

Create a Root Certificate and self-sign it

1. Use the following commands to generate the csr and the certificate.

   The previous commands create the root certificate. You'll use this to sign your server certificate.

   

2. When prompted, type the password for the root key, and the organizational information for the custom CA such as Country, State, Org, OU, and the fully qualified domain name (this is the domain of the issuer).

Create a server certificate

Next, you'll create a server certificate using OpenSSL.

Create the certificate's key

Use the following command to generate the key for the server certificate.

Create the CSR (Certificate Signing Request)

The CSR is a public key that is given to a CA when requesting a certificate. The CA issues the certificate for this specific request.

Note

The CN (Common Name) for the server certificate must be different from the issuer's domain. For example, in this case, the CN for the issuer is www.contoso.com and the server certificate's CN is www.fabrikam.com.

1. Use the following command to generate the CSR:

2. When prompted, type the password for the root key, and the organizational information for the custom CA: Country, State, Org, OU, and the fully qualified domain name. This is the domain of the website and it should be different from the issuer.

Generate the certificate with the CSR and the key and sign it with the CA's root key

1. Use the following command to create the certificate:

Verify the newly created certificate

1. Use the following command to print the output of the CRT file and verify its content:

2. Verify the files in your directory, and ensure you have the following files:

   • contoso.crt
   • contoso.key
   • fabrikam.crt
   • fabrikam.key

Configure the certificate in your web server's TLS settings

In your web server, configure TLS using the fabrikam.crt and fabrikam.key files. If your web server can't take two files, you can combine them to a single .pem or .pfx file using OpenSSL commands.

IIS

For instructions on how to import certificate and upload them as server certificate on IIS, see HOW TO: Install Imported Certificates on a Web Server in Windows Server 2003.

For TLS binding instructions, see How to Set Up SSL on IIS 7.

Apache

The following configuration is an example virtual host configured for SSL in Apache:

NGINX

The following configuration is an example NGINX server block with TLS configuration:

Access the server to verify the configuration

1. Add the root certificate to your machine's trusted root store. When you access the website, ensure the entire certificate chain is seen in the browser.

   Note

   It's assumed that DNS has been configured to point the web server name (in this example, www.fabrikam.com) to your web server's IP address. If not, you can edit the hosts file to resolve the name.

2. Browse to your website, and click the lock icon on your browser's address box to verify the site and certificate information.

Verify the configuration with OpenSSL

Or, you can use OpenSSL to verify the certificate.

Upload the root certificate to Application Gateway's HTTP Settings

To upload the certificate in Application Gateway, you must export the .crt certificate into a .cer format Base-64 encoded. Since .crt already contains the public key in the base-64 encoded format, just rename the file extension from .crt to .cer.

Azure portal

To upload the trusted root certificate from the portal, select the HTTP Settings and choose the HTTPS protocol.

Azure PowerShell

Or, you can use Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell to upload the root certificate. The following code is an Azure PowerShell sample.

Note

The following sample adds a trusted root certificate to the application gateway, creates a new HTTP setting and adds a new rule, assuming the backend pool and the listener exist already.

Verify the application gateway backend health

1. Click the Backend Health view of your application gateway to check if the probe is healthy.
2. You should see that the Status is Healthy for the HTTPS probe.

Openssl Key And Csr Generation Download

Next steps

To learn more about SSLTLS in Application Gateway, see Overview of TLS termination and end to end TLS with Application Gateway.

Introduction

A Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is the first step in setting up an SSL Certificate on your website. SSL certificates are provided by Certificate Authorities (CA), which require a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).

This guide will instruct you on how to generate a Certificate Signing Request using OpenSSL.

• Access to a user account with root or sudo privileges
• A command line/terminal window
• If you’re working on a remote server, an established SSH connection to the server
• OpenSSL needs to be installed on your system to generate the key
• A text editor, such as nano, to view your key

Open a terminal window. Use your SSH connection to log into your remote server.

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Openssl Create Private Key

Note: If you are working locally, you don’t need an SSH connection. Also, most Linux systems will launch a terminal window by pressing Ctrl-Alt-T or Ctrl-Alt-F1.

It is advised to issue a new private key each time you generate a CSR. Hence, the steps below instruct on how to generate both the private key and the CSR.

Make sure to replace your_domain with the actual domain you’re generating a CSR for.

The commands are broken out as follows:

• openssl – activates the OpenSSL software
• req – indicates that we want a CSR
• –new –newkey – generate a new key
• rsa:2048 – generate a 2048-bit RSA mathematical key
• –nodes – no DES, meaning do not encrypt the private key in a PKCS#12 file
• –keyout – indicates the domain you’re generating a key for
• –out – specifies the name of the file your CSR will be saved as

Note: Use 2048-bit key pairs. The 4096-bit key pairs are more secure, however, they require a lot more server resources.

Your system should launch a text-based questionnaire for you to fill out.

Enter your information in the fields as follows:

• Country Name – use a 2-letter country code (US for the United States)
• State – the state in which the domain owner is incorporated
• Locality – the city in which the domain owner is incorporated
• Organization name – the legal entity that owns the domain
• Organizational unit name – the name of the department or group in your organization that deals with certificates
• Common name – typically the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), i.e. what the users type in a web browser to navigate to your website
• Email address – the webmaster’s email address
• Challenge password – an optional password for your key pair

Please take into account that Organization Name and Unit Name must not contain the following characters:

< > ~ ! @ # $ % ^ * / ( ) ?.,&

Once the software finishes, you should be able to find the CSR file in your working directory.

You can also enter the following:

The system should list out all certificate signing requests on the system. The one that matches the domain name you provided in Step 2 appended with the .csr extension is the one you need to look into.

You can open the .csr file in a text editor to find the alphanumeric code that was generated.

Enter the following command:

This text can be copied and pasted into a submittal form to request your SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority.

Make sure you copy the entire text. Some CAs may allow you to simply upload the .csr file you generated. Below is an example of a CSR.

Openssl Key And Csr Generation 2017

You needn’t send the private key to the CA. Once you get your SSL certificate, the private key on the server will bind with it to encrypt communication.

Now you know how to generate an OpenSSL certificate signing request. Before submitting the CSR to a certificate authority, we recommend verifying the information it holds. Use one of the widely available online CSR decoders.

Openssl Key And Csr Generation 2

SSL is a crucial protocol for securing traffic between a website and its visitors. It helps to protect sensitive information online, such as credit card data.

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